The DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) test evaluates DNA integrity within a sperm’s head.
Sperm DNA is stored in chromosomes, and during sperm formation, any errors in this process can lead to breaks in the DNA strands, affecting the DNA’s ability to replicate during fertilization.
This test measures the extent of these DNA breaks, providing insight into sperm quality beyond standard semen analysis, which typically assesses motility, concentration, and morphology but not DNA integrity.
Why is the DFI Test Important in IVF?
The primary function of sperm is to deliver intact male genetic material to the egg.
The quality of the DNA carried by sperm is crucial for successful embryo development and pregnancy.
IVF specialists often order the DFI test to assess the extent of DNA fragmentation in sperm, which can explain previously “unexplained” infertility cases.
A high level of DNA fragmentation in sperm correlates with reduced fertility potential, impacting the success of procedures like IUI, IVF, and ICSI.
How is the DFI Test Performed?
The DFI test is conducted in an andrology lab at specialized IVF clinics.
The Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) assay is commonly used, where sperm samples undergo a controlled DNA denaturation process.
Normal sperm will create a halo, while sperm with fragmented DNA will not, making it easier to identify those with high DNA fragmentation under a microscope.
The test typically takes 3 to 4 hours, and experienced embryologists verify the results.
Interpreting DFI Test Results
A typical semen sample should have less than 15% of sperm with DNA damage.
Men with over 30% of sperm showing DNA fragmentation are often facing infertility issues and may require specialized fertility treatments such as ICSI.
Those with 15% to 30% fragmentation are considered borderline and should consult an IVF specialist to explore ways to improve sperm quality.
Chemical exposure, heat, smoking, and age can cause high DNA fragmentation.
Can DFI Be Improved?
Sperm DNA fragmentation levels can change over time and may be improved with appropriate interventions.
The goal of male fertility treatment is to identify and correct the root causes of poor sperm quality.
In cases where DFI cannot be improved through medication or lifestyle changes, retrieving sperm directly from the testicle via biopsy for use in ICSI may offer better outcomes.
Men with abnormal DFI should undergo a thorough evaluation by a specialist, particularly if they have experienced IVF failures or are using egg donors or surrogates.
Impact of High DFI on Fertility
High DFI levels in men can lead to the formation of poor-quality embryos and increase the risk of recurrent implantation failure or miscarriage in their partners.
Couples facing these issues should consider having their male partner tested for DFI.
Concerned about unexplained infertility? The DFI test could provide the answers you need. Book your appointment now!
